George Orwell 1984 чãâ¸ã‘‚ãâ°ã‘‚ã‘å’ Ãâ¾ãâ½ãâ»ãâ°ãâ¹ãâ½ Reading Club
MIR (SUBMERSIBLE)
Mir is a self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle. The project was initially developed past the USSR Academy of Sciences (now the Russian University of Sciences) along with Design Bureau Lazurith. Subsequently 2 vehicles were ordered from Finland. The Mir 1 and Mir 2, delivered in 1987, were designed and built by the Finnish company Rauma-Repola's Oceanics subsidiary. The project was carried out under the supervision of constructors and engineers of the Shir-shov Establish of Oceanology. The vessels are designed to be used for scientific inquiry. They might also exist used to assist in submarine rescue operations, although they do non have the capacity to accept anybody aboard when underwater. The carrier and command centre of both Mir submersibles is the RN Akademik Mstislav Keldysh. Currently the two Mir units are operated past the Russian Academy of Sciences. The MIR submersibles tin dive to a maximum depth of half dozen,000 metres (xix,685 ft). This makes them ii of only seven manned submersibles in the world that can dive beyond iii,000 metres (9,843 ft), the others being the Usa submersibles Alvin, Bounding main Cliff and Deepstar 20000, the Japanese owned Shinkai and the French owned Nautile. Up to 98 % of the globe's oceans are no deeper than half dozen,000 metres. All these deep-ocean submersibles employ three-person crews. Traditionally, the personnel sphere of a deep sea submersible is manufactured of titanium plates that are welded together. On Mir, the personnel sphere is made of a maraging steel alloy that has x % better strength/weight ratio than titanium. This blend contains nearly 30 % cobalt and smaller amounts of nickel, chrome and titanium. 2 hemispheres were fabricated by casting and machining, then bolted together, thus avoiding welded joints. The resulting construction is close to the density of h2o, thus making information technology easier to move in different depths. Additional buoyancy is provided by eight cubic metres (280 cu ft) of syntactic cream. Unlike other Deep Submergence Vehicles that employ iron ballast to attain the ocean flooring, the buoyancy and depth is adjusted by ballast tanks.
Early illustration of MIR-1.
Manipulator arm in activeness.
Translated from Russian with errors from here.
Research PA "Mir-ane" and "Mir-2"
In 1987, the USSR Academy of Sciences commissioned the Finnish company Rauma-Repola, the Establish of Oceanology. PP Shirshov, ii deep-water appliance. Subsequently, the PA received the names of "Mir-1" and "Mir-ii". Oversaw the creation of devices, Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Igor E. Mikhaltsov. Submersibles were built in less than a year.
To behave the "world" in the aforementioned 1987 in Finland was converted enquiry vessel "Akademik Mstislav Keldysh".
MIR – scheme for the site
1 – sonar; 2 – flash; 3 – bow ballast sphere; 4 -Piece of cake housing; five – robust housing; six – Lord's day; 7 – heart; viii – lateral thrusters; nine – Emergency buoy; 10 – the principal anchor tanks; 11 – stabilizer; 12 – hydrophones; thirteen – aft ballast tank; 14 -marshevy mover; fifteen – rotating rod; 1b – swing frame; 17 -manipulator; 18 – sensor data acquisition system; 19 – bunker samples; 20 – hopper with shot; 21 – cylinder high pressure air; 22 – skiing; 23 – pump sea water; 24 – access covers; 25 – Reset of the outer hull; 26 – storage boxes.
Deep-sea testing of the "MIR" is held in the Atlantic Ocean, with the Mir-i sank to a depth of 6170 meters, and the Mir-ii at 6120 meters.
Robust housing with a diameter of ii.one meters and anchor sphere made ​​of nickel steel with a yield strength – 150 kg / mm ² habitable sphere has an inner diameter of 2.one meters. The primal window has a diameter of 200 mm, and ii lateral – 120 mm.
Stainless steel frame connects four spherical torso in a single structure. The upper function of the reinforced frame ends with a lifting device, which fits with the capture of a cable tripping unit (SPU). At the bottom of the frame rests on skis syntactics and fiberglass.
Ballast spheres tin can accommodate about a ton of water. Lightweight body in the class of elongated aerosol covers the entire inner frame and the stuffing automobile. The halves of the housing vykleeny syntactics and Kevlar. In the stern is fix empennage, fly it turns on a horizontal airplane, allowing the exchange rate stabilization. Nether the lightweight body are the chief ballast tanks, blown with compressed air.
Spiral the propulsion in nozzles, rotating hydraulic motors. Nozzle principal engine rotates within ± threescore °, and the gondola on-board engines are turned in the range + 110 ° + -threescore ° lateral thrusters. Through aft propulsion unit of measurement speeds upwardly to 5 knots. Side thrusters provide a speed of about ane knot.
The energy circuitous consists of 2 groups of nickel-iron battery capacity of 700 A / h, 120V motors and nourishes the 1st and 2nd hydraulic systems, outdoor lighting, flash, communications equipment, navigation, measuring sensors.
Emergency nickel-cadmium AB in the field of manned feeds motor 3rd hydraulic system, which is used for emergency relief movers, hands of manipulators, the lower the battery box and emergency buoy with a rope guide.
Solid ballast – nickel fraction – held electromagnets in fiberglass silos.
Life support system PA consists of cassettes with lithium hydroxide or sodium, oxygen tanks with regulators and menstruation control devices for the gas medium.
From 1987 to 1991, "MIR" to board the vessel "Mstislav Keldysh" dive in the Atlantic Indian and Pacific Oceans.
In 1989-98 "MIR" tracked land, lying at the bottom of the Norwegian Ocean at a depth of 1700 meters submarine "Komsomolets".
In 1997, on board the "Worlds" were filmed footage of the flick "Ghosts of the Abyss. Titanic. "
In 2000, on board the "MIR" was surveyed, lying on the ground SSGN 1000-141 "Kursk".
In 2002, "Worlds" sank to the lesser of the Atlantic lying on the High german battleship "Bismarck"
August two, 2007 during the expedition "Arktika-2007" to "Worlds" for the first time in the world was reached the bottom of the Arctic Ocean at the North Pole, where he placed the Russian flag and a capsule with a message to time to come generations.
In 2007, the Constitute of Oceanology. PP Shirshov due to inadequate funding of the Institute gave support vessel "Akademik Mstislav Keldysh" in the charter.
In 2008, "MIR" examined the status of Lake Baikal.
In 2011, with the help of the "world" to explore the underwater earth of Lake Geneva. Afterward this expedition sets deposited in the Kaliningrad Museum of the World Bounding main.
December 17 was moved aboard the carrier submersibles "Bister", owned by Google.
Paper model of MIR-ii.
See other early Underwater Robots here.
ostrandermationdeed52.blogspot.com
Source: http://cyberneticzoo.com/underwater-robotics/1987-mir-1-and-2-deep-submersibles-finnishsoviet/
0 Response to "George Orwell 1984 чãâ¸ã‘‚ãâ°ã‘‚ã‘å’ Ãâ¾ãâ½ãâ»ãâ°ãâ¹ãâ½ Reading Club"
Postar um comentário